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Why Low Stomach Acid Could Be Causing Your Bloating, Indigestion, and Heartburn

Writer's picture: Ciara Ryan Ciara Ryan
low-stomach-acid-hypochlorhydria

Low Stomach Acid (Hypochlorhydria): A Hidden Digestive Issue You Might Be Overlooking

When it comes to digestive health, much of the focus tends to be on issues like acid reflux or heartburn, which are often linked to too much stomach acid. But here’s something you might not know, low stomach acid—also called hypochlorhydria—is just as common and can cause a range of digestive problems too.


In fact, it’s something we see quite frequently with our clients. If you’ve been struggling with bloating, burping, or feeling overly full after meals, this could be something worth considering.  It’s definitely part of our questioning and investigation when clients need help with digestive complaints or have chronic low iron or B12 levels. 


Let’s take a look at what low stomach acid is, why it matters, and how you can address it.


Table of Contents


What Is Hypochlorhydria (Low Stomach Acid)?


In simple terms, hypochlorhydria is the condition where your stomach doesn’t produce enough hydrochloric acid (HCl), which is essential for proper digestion. While stomach acid often gets a bad rap, it’s actually crucial for a number of vital processes in the body:

  • Breaking down proteins into amino acids

  • Absorbing essential nutrients, like B12, iron, and calcium

  • Acting as a barrier against harmful pathogens in your food

  • Supporting the rest of your digestive system to function properly.


So, while stomach acid might sound like something you don’t want too much of, without it, your digestion can be significantly compromised.

 

Symptoms to watch out for


Man holding his stomach after drinking milk, a common symptom of low stomach acid, which can lead to burping and discomfort.
Burping 30-60 minutes after eating and could be a sign of low stomach acid.
  • Bloating and gas after meals

  • Burping 30-60 minutes after eating

  • Feeling overly full after eating small amounts

  • Indigestion that lingers

  • Nutrient deficiencies leading to fatigue, brittle nails, and thinning hair

  • Undigested food in your stools

  • Frequent infections, like bacterial or yeast overgrowth

  • Food sensitivities and intolerances

  • Bad breath or a metallic taste in the mouth.


It’s not unusual for people to mistake low stomach acid for too much acid prompting them to reach for antacids or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like Nexium or Losec. But the reality is, low stomach acid can often mimic the symptoms of acid reflux and heartburn, leading to a misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. If you’re using antacids regularly, this might be something worth looking into.

 

What Causes Low Stomach Acid?


Several factors can contribute to your body producing less or insufficient stomach acid production:

  • Aging: As we age, our stomach acid production naturally declines.

  • Chronic stress: Stress messes with your gut-brain connection and can inhibit acid production.

  • Nutrient deficiencies: Lack of zinc or vitamin B1 can reduce stomach acid levels.

  • Medications: PPIs and antacids can suppress acid production.

  • H. pylori infections: This bacteria damages the stomach lining and lowers acid production.

  • Chronic illnesses: Conditions like hypothyroidism or diabetes can impact acid production.

  • Poor diet: Processed foods, alcohol, and skipping meals can disrupt stomach acid balance.


    Woman adding seltzer to a glass of water, symbolising how medications like PPIs and antacids can reducce stomach acid levels.
    Medications like PPIs and antacids can suppress stomach acid production.

Diagnosing Low Stomach Acid: The Heidelberg Test and Supplementation


When it comes to diagnosing hypochlorhydria, the Heidelberg test is considered the gold standard. However, this test is not commonly performed due to its cost and availability. In my experience, I've only had one client who underwent this test with a specialist, and it provided valuable insight into their condition.


Most people don’t have access to this test. Instead, we look closely at symptoms and we may trial Betaine HCl pepsin supplements if we suspect low stomach acid as being the issue. This is a simple method to test if supplementing with stomach acid can help alleviate symptoms.. However, this should always be done under the guidance of a professional to ensure it’s safe for you.


While there are at-home tests for low stomach acid, such as drinking bicarbonate of soda, these methods aren’t supported by strong evidence, and their accuracy is questionable. Many people try these "soft" tests, but they’re not reliable enough to be the sole determinant.

 

Why Is Stomach Acid So Important?


You might be wondering why all this matters. Well, as we said earlier stomach acid is involved in so much more than just breaking down food. It’s essential for:

  1. Protein Digestion: Stomach acid activates pepsin, the enzyme that breaks down proteins. If you struggle to digest meats—especially red meat—low stomach acid could be at the root of the issue.

  2. Nutrient Absorption: Proper acid levels are needed to absorb essential nutrients like B12, iron, calcium, and magnesium. If you’ve been feeling fatigued or battling nutrient deficiencies, this could be a big factor.

  3. Protecting Against Pathogens: Stomach acid acts as your body’s first defense against harmful bacteria, viruses, and fungi in your food.

  4. Preventing SIBO (Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth): Low acid can allow harmful bacteria to thrive in your gut, leading to digestive and immune system imbalances.

    1. Supporting the Rest of Your Digestion: Stomach acid triggers your pancreas and gallbladder to release digestive enzymes and bile, which are essential for breaking down fats and carbohydrates. Without enough acid, this process is compromised.

      Cooked steak on a wooden board, illustrating how stomach acid aids in protein digestion, especially for foods like red meat.
      Stomach acid is crucial for digesting protein particularly red meat.

Potential Complications of Untreated Low Stomach Acid


Leaving low stomach acid untreated can lead to a range of issues:

  • Nutrient Deficiencies: Poor absorption of vitamins and minerals like B12, iron, and calcium can lead to fatigue, anaemia, and weak bones.

  • Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO): Insufficient acid allows harmful bacteria to thrive, causing bloating, pain, and digestive problems.

  • Increased Infection Risk: Low stomach acid reduces your body’s ability to kill harmful bacteria in food, increasing your risk of infections.

  • Chronic Indigestion: Persistent bloating, discomfort, and indigestion can become long-term issues.


Addressing low stomach acid early is key to preventing these complications and maintaining overall digestive health.


How to Address Low Stomach Acid


Here’s what you can do if you suspect you’re dealing with low stomach acid.


  1. Improve Your Eating Habits

    • Chew thoroughly: Digestion starts in the mouth. The more you chew, the easier it is for your stomach to break down food.

    • Avoid drinking too much water during meals, as it can dilute stomach acid.

    • Eat smaller, nutrient-dense meals to avoid overloading the stomach.


  2. Incorporate Stomach Acid Support

    • Apple cider vinegar (ACV): Mix 1-2 teaspoons in water and drink before meals to stimulate acid production.

    • Lemon water: Start your day with warm water and lemon to help kick-start digestion.

    • Digestive bitters: These stimulate acid and enzyme production. Products like Floradix Gallexier are available in health shops.


  3. Supplement If Necessary

    • Under the guidance of a professional, you might want to try Betaine HCl  supplements whilst you work on the underlying cause.


  4. Address Underlying Causes

    • Reduce stress: Practice relaxation techniques like yoga or meditation.

    • Correct nutrient deficiencies: Low zinc is sometime part of a low stomach acid picture so incorporate zinc-rich foods (pumpkin seeds, shellfish) into your diet.

    • Treat H. pylori infections and gut imbalances.


  5. Seek Professional Guidance

    • If your symptoms persist, it’s always a good idea to consult with a nutritional therapist who can guide you through the process and offer a tailored approach.


Final Thoughts


Stomach acid might not get the attention it deserves, but it’s an essential component of your digestive health. If you suspect that low stomach acid is an issue for you, addressing it through diet, lifestyle changes, and professional support can make a world of difference. By taking a proactive approach, you can improve digestion, prevent nutrient deficiencies, and protect your gut from harmful pathogens.


If this all sounds familiar, maybe it’s time to take action. Low stomach acid can be managed, and with the right support, you can start feeling better today. Don’t hesitate to reach out for guidance on how to get started—help is just a phone call away.


If you’re ready to explore how low stomach acid might be affecting your digestion, get in touch for a personalised consultation. We’re here to help you restore balance and start feeling your best.

 

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